Science fiction and I have a long relationship. The
very first grownup novels (i.e. not Dr. Seuss and the like) I ever read were by
Arthur Conan Doyle, H.G. Wells, and Jules Verne. School assignments aside, I
grew up on the novels, novellas, and short stories of Golden Age (1920s to
mid-60s) science fiction authors, many of whom during my youth were still in
mid-career: Bradbury, Kornbluth, van Vogt, Asimov, Harrison, Heinlein,
Burroughs, Schmitz, et al., along with the few grudgingly admitted by academics
into the ranks of quality-lit, such as Orwell (1984) and Huxley (Brave New
World). There is a distinctive direct style shared by many of these authors
(likely influenced by pulp editorial requirements), but more importantly they
share an attitude that is harder to describe: hopeful, perhaps. Maybe not on
the surface, but down deep. Even their dystopias typically are written as
warnings – which is to say in hopes of avoiding them. Action/adventure tales in
the era by far outnumbered the consciously culturally relevant ones, but the
attitude pervades all types. It was in the air of their times, dreadful
(Depression, the War) as some of them were.
A handful of mainstream scifi authors still write
this way (John Scalzi, F. Paul Wilson, Joan Vinge [Catspaw], among others), but most do not. That’s OK. Times, tastes
and society change, and I’m fine with cyberpunk and experimental scifi too. But
sometimes I hanker for the old style – especially for the old guard themselves.
For this reason, last week I picked up Can
You Feel Anything When I Do This?, a collection of short stories by Robert
Sheckley, mostly written in the 1960s. Sheckley is best known for The Seventh Victim (1953), a novel about
a future in which game-players hunt each other for fame and fortune. If you
think this sounds like The Hunger Games,
you’re right. Sheckley really caught the groove of the 1960s when they arrived,
and he wrote some of his most entertaining short fiction in that decade, much
of it first published in Playboy. The
tales in this collection are light-heartedly twisted and not infrequently trippy
(60s vernacular intended). The first and title story involves an AI robotic
vacuum cleaner that doubles as a sex toy. It develops romantic feelings
for its owner, but (while she was perfectly willing casually to play with it)
she forcefully rejects it when it falls in love with her because she is
determined to choose her own lover rather than be chosen by either man or
machine. In other words, as an act of self-empowerment she dumps it on its
personal merits, not on its mechanical properties – this before “PC” was common parlance. The subsequent stories get only more offbeat.
Thumbs up on the collection, but that’s not
primarily my point this week. I want to talk about the future – past futures. The
time ahead always appears more distant to us than the time behind, which is why
(after age 25 anyway) someone 5 years younger than ourselves seems about the
same age while someone 5 years older belongs to a totally different generation.
Accordingly, futuristic scifi is often set in a future 10, 20, 30, or 50 years
hence that gets overtaken by actual history far sooner than seemed possible at
the time it was written. Naturally, the authors – including Sheckley – get it
wrong, except perhaps for a lucky guess about some piece or other of tech. That’s
OK. Scifi authors are fiction writers, not oracles. Their subject matter is
rarely really about the future; it is about the concerns of the times in which
they were written. The best of it transcends its era. A few help to create one.
Heinlein’s Stranger in a Strange Land
(1961), for example, was one of the required books of ‘60s hippiedom; it is
still worth a read, not least for the ways in which it doesn’t transcend 1961. These
help remind us that we too have presuppositions that soon will seem quaint – if
not actually offensive. A pretty good cultural history could be written that
consists of nothing but a sequence of imagined futures.
If the erroneous past futures are truly irksome
for a reader, however, it always is possible to adopt the approach taken by
Heinlein, which was to embrace parallel worlds. In his later novels, the
overtaken events of his earlier novels are represented as having occurred in one
of those other worlds. Or one can just not worry about it. The steampunk genre is
all about alternative history. So long as the human elements are right, fiction
in any genre can have merit. Nonetheless, if one writes scifi (as I sometimes
do), it might be best to set it further in future than our first instinct impels us.
Like the next landmark birthday, that date will arrive all too quickly.
Just Imagine (1930): 1980 as imagined in 1930. I’m still waiting for one of those private hover-planes.